Sedimentary rocks 2

From GeoClasses

Contents 1 sedimentary basins 1.1 sediment deposition 1.2 sediment transport 1.3 diagenesis (how do you get a rock from sediments?) 2 depositional environments 2.1 effect of source rock on rock type: 2.2 sediments in the oceans 2.3 sedimentary environments: 3 sedimentary structures (and processes that form them): 3.1 sedimentary rock classification

sedimentary basins

• weathering
  • physical
  • chemical
  • diagenesis
• weathering exercise (requires a reading before class)

sediment deposition

• how do you form a basin?
  • subsidence
  • rift basins and thermal subsidence (fig. 5.4)
  • flexural basins
  • Publisher's animation

sediment transport

• currents (water)
  • size, sorting, rounding

diagenesis (how do you get a rock from sediments?)

• see fig. 5.12
• cementation, porosity, compaction
• lithification

depositional environments

• overview with photo galleries of all subtopics can be found here

effect of source rock on rock type:

• siliciclastic sediments
• chemical sediments
• bioclastic sediments

sediments in the oceans

• salinity: source of salt in the ocean
  • very good reading on why the ocean is salty (and rivers aren't)
• biological sediments
• evaporites

sedimentary environments:

• see fig. 5.5
• continental:
  • lake, alluvial, desert, glacial
• shoreline:
  • delta, beach, tidal flat
• marine:
  • deep sea, continental shelf, reefs, continental margin/slope
  • carbonate platform
• see table 5.2

sedimentary structures (and processes that form them):

• bedding and cross-bedding
• graded bedding
• ripples
• bioturbation
• bedding sequences (sequence stratigraphy)

sedimentary rock classification

• by partical size
• by composition
  • quartz arenites, arkoses, lithic sandstones, graywacke
  • see fig. 5.16
• chemical and biological:
  • see table 5.4
  • limestone, dolomite
  • coral reefs, atolls
  • chert